Thursday, January 15, 2015

Helping the Liver to Deliver a Promise of Good Health


 
                        Most people know I am a strong advocate for routine pet wellness testing.  This testing serves many purposes including determination of normal baseline values and early detection of disease.  Wellness testing assesses health of internal organs and can lead to the diagnosis of metabolic disorders such as kidney disease, diabetes, pancreatitis, and liver failure.

                        The importance of wellness testing became personal when my own 11 year old Welsh Corgi, “Bunny,” showed a minor elevation of her liver function test.  The beauty of regular wellness testing is veterinarians not only obtain baseline “normals” for their patients, but they also watch for trends in serial tests that indicate early onset or progression of diseases.  Bunny had, of course, had multiple wellness tests prior to the revelation of her elevated liver value so I knew something was amiss.
                          
                        After my initial “Oh no, not my little princess” reaction to this liver test abnormality, my first plan of action was to research the most recent information regarding liver health in pets.  I wanted to make certain I was privy to all of the latest advances as I already knew that the liver is the largest internal organ with numerous jobs.

                        The liver is responsible for approximately 1500 functions---digestion and conversion of nutrients, toxin removal, production of key blood components, and vitamin storage, to name a few.  I like to think of the liver as the body’s “filtration plant.”  All of the “good” and “bad” that enters a pet’s body passes through the liver via the blood stream.  It is then up to this important organ to properly assess, convert, digest, dispose of, and redirect what it encounters and produces to the appropriate area of the body.

                        With so many tasks that are so important, one can see why the diagnosis of an inefficient liver can be troubling to veterinarians. The more frustrating tidbit is that the specific causes of liver diseases can be difficult to identify.  Common causes include viral and bacterial infections, ingestion of toxic substances or drugs, heart disease, altered blood flow due to congenital abnormalities, and cancer. 

                        Breed related problems exist as well. West Highland and Bedlington Terriers may have problems excreting copper from their livers, and Siamese cats and Cocker Spaniels, in general, are more likely to develop liver diseases. If you own one of these breeds, ask your veterinarian to discuss appropriate routine testing for liver health.

                        Cats, especially those that are obese, are unique in that they may develop a life-threatening liver condition called Hepatic Lipidosis simply by not eating for two or more days.  This condition occurs when excessive amounts of fat accumulate in the liver and begin to overwhelm its ability to function properly.  If you own a cat that is considerably overweight and it stops eating for even one day, contact your veterinarian.

                        While many diseases affecting the liver are initially symptom-free, as the condition progresses the pet may develop anorexia, vomiting, weight loss, lethargy, jaundice (yellowing of skin and eyes), increased thirst, orange to coffee-colored urine, abdominal bloating due to fluid build-up, and pale gums.  See your veterinarian immediately if your pet displays any of these symptoms as early intervention is a must.

                        If your pet is diagnosed with a liver ailment, your veterinarian may prescribe a diet with highly digestible proteins, carbohydrates and fats to reduce the workload of the liver and facilitate a more rapid recovery. Gratefully, unlike most other organs in the body, the liver has a large reserve capacity, giving it the ability to regenerate after injury or illness. If the underlying cause is properly identified and eliminated, and proper nutrition is initiated, chances for recovery from liver disease are good.

                        Additional therapies prescribed for patients with liver disease may include antibiotics and vitamin supplements, especially vitamins E and B.  Your veterinarian may also recommend veterinary liver support products (Denosyl, Marin and Denamarin) that contain antioxidants such as SAMe and milk thistle extracts.  These antioxidants can assist the liver in its detoxification role, stimulate bile flow through the liver, and aid liver cell repair and regeneration.

                         As for Bunny…after a course of antibiotics and serial wellness tests, her liver test elevation remains minor and stable.  She receives a Denamarin tablet daily and still enjoys her “part-time employment” as my model patient at school visits and career presentations.

Author:  Dr. Bonnie Jones, April 2009

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